- IP Converter tab: Enter any valid IPv4 address (e.g. 192.168.1.1). Click Convert to see the address in decimal, binary, hexadecimal, octal, and 32-bit integer formats. The tool also shows the IP class (A–E) and whether the address is private or public. Click the copy icon next to any result to copy it.
- Subnet Calculator tab: Enter a CIDR notation (e.g. 192.168.1.0/24). Click Calculate to see the network address, broadcast address, subnet mask, wildcard mask, first and last usable hosts, and total usable host count.
- Private IP Ranges tab: Reference table showing RFC 1918 private address ranges, loopback, and link-local ranges with their CIDR notation, total addresses, and typical use cases.
IP Address Converter — Format Conversion & Subnet Calculator
Understanding IP address formats and subnet calculations is essential for network administrators, developers, and cybersecurity professionals. Our IP Address Converter provides instant format conversion between decimal, binary, hexadecimal, and octal representations, plus a full CIDR subnet calculator — all running entirely in your browser with complete privacy.
IPv4 Address Format Conversions
Every IPv4 address is a 32-bit number typically written in dotted-decimal notation (e.g., 192.168.1.1). Our converter shows the same address in multiple number systems:
Decimal (Dotted Notation)
The standard human-readable format where each octet is expressed as a decimal number from 0 to 255, separated by dots. Example: 192.168.1.1. This is the format used in virtually all network configuration interfaces.
Binary Representation
Each octet is converted to its 8-bit binary equivalent. Example: 192.168.1.1 becomes 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001. Binary representation is crucial for understanding subnet masks, bitwise AND operations, and how routers make forwarding decisions.
Hexadecimal Representation
Each octet is expressed as a two-digit hexadecimal number. Example: 192.168.1.1 becomes C0.A8.01.01. Hexadecimal is commonly used in programming, packet analysis tools like Wireshark, and low-level network debugging.
Octal Representation
Each octet is expressed in base-8 notation. Example: 192.168.1.1 becomes 300.250.001.001. Octal is less commonly used but appears in some Unix-based networking utilities and historical network documentation.
32-bit Integer
The entire IP address as a single unsigned 32-bit integer. Example: 192.168.1.1 = 3232235777. This format is used in database storage, some APIs, and programming contexts where compact representation is needed.
IP Address Classification
The converter automatically identifies the IP address class and whether it's private or public:
- Class A (1.0.0.0 – 126.255.255.255): First octet 1–126. Supports 16 million hosts per network. Used by large organizations and ISPs.
- Class B (128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255): First octet 128–191. Supports 65,534 hosts per network. Used by medium-to-large organizations.
- Class C (192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255): First octet 192–223. Supports 254 hosts per network. Used by small organizations and most local networks.
- Class D (224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255): Reserved for multicast groups.
- Class E (240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255): Reserved for experimental use.
CIDR Subnet Calculator
The subnet calculator takes a CIDR notation input (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24) and computes:
- Network Address: The first address in the subnet, identifying the network itself. Computed by ANDing the IP with the subnet mask.
- Broadcast Address: The last address in the subnet, used to send packets to all hosts. Computed by ORing the network address with the wildcard mask.
- Subnet Mask: Defines which bits are network vs. host bits. A /24 gives 255.255.255.0.
- Wildcard Mask: The bitwise inverse of the subnet mask. Used in ACLs and OSPF configuration.
- First Usable Host: Network address + 1 (not applicable for /31 or /32 subnets).
- Last Usable Host: Broadcast address - 1.
- Total Usable Hosts: 2^(32 - prefix) - 2 for standard subnets.
Private IP Address Ranges
RFC 1918 defines three private address blocks that are not routable on the public internet:
- 10.0.0.0/8: 16.7 million addresses — large enterprise networks
- 172.16.0.0/12: 1 million addresses — medium networks, data centers
- 192.168.0.0/16: 65,536 addresses — home and small office networks
The tool also identifies loopback (127.0.0.0/8) and link-local APIPA (169.254.0.0/16) addresses.
Common Subnet Prefix Lengths
- /8: 16,777,214 hosts — Class A equivalent
- /16: 65,534 hosts — Class B equivalent
- /24: 254 hosts — most common LAN subnet
- /25: 126 hosts — half of a /24
- /28: 14 hosts — small server VLAN
- /30: 2 hosts — point-to-point links
- /31: 2 hosts — RFC 3021 point-to-point (no broadcast)
- /32: 1 host — host route, loopback interface
Privacy and Security
All IP conversions and subnet calculations run entirely in your browser using JavaScript. No IP addresses or network data are transmitted to any server. No accounts, no tracking, no data collection.